Cheat Sheets Science & Engineering

Unit Conversion Factors Cheat Sheet

Exact conversion factors for length, mass, volume, area, speed, energy, power, pressure and temperature, computed from the legal definitions.

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Exact conversion factors, computed from the legal definitions (the inch is exactly 25.4 mm and the pound exactly 0.45359237 kg; everything else follows). Values are shown to at most 13 significant figures. Use the Unit Converter Hub to convert any amount.

Length

Unit Equals (SI) Units per 1 of that SI unit
1 inch 0.0254 m 39.37008
1 foot 0.3048 m 3.28084
1 yard 0.9144 m 1.093613
1 mile 1609.344 m 0.0006213712
1 nautical mile 1852 m 0.0005399568

Mass

Unit Equals (SI) Units per 1 of that SI unit
1 ounce 0.028349523125 kg 35.27396
1 pound 0.45359237 kg 2.204623
1 stone (14 lb) 6.35029318 kg 0.157473
1 short ton (2,000 lb) 907.18474 kg 0.001102311
1 long ton (2,240 lb) 1016.0469088 kg 0.0009842065

Volume

Unit Equals (SI) Units per 1 of that SI unit
1 US teaspoon 4.92892159375 mL 0.2028841
1 US tablespoon 14.78676478125 mL 0.06762805
1 US fluid ounce 29.5735295625 mL 0.03381402
1 US cup 236.5882365 mL 0.004226753
1 US pint 473.176473 mL 0.002113376
1 US quart 946.352946 mL 0.001056688
1 US gallon 3.785411784 L 0.2641721
1 imperial gallon 4.54609 L 0.2199692

Area

Unit Equals (SI) Units per 1 of that SI unit
1 square foot 0.09290304 m² 10.76391
1 acre 4046.8564224 m² 0.0002471054
1 hectare 10000 m² 0.0001
1 square mile 2589988.110336 m² 0.0000003861022

Speed

Unit Equals (SI) Units per 1 of that SI unit
1 km/h 0.2777777777778 m/s 3.6
1 mile/hour 0.44704 m/s 2.236936
1 knot 0.5144444444444 m/s 1.943844

Energy and power

Unit Equals (SI) Units per 1 of that SI unit
1 calorie (thermochemical) 4.184 J 0.2390057
1 BTU (International Table) 1055.05585262 J 0.0009478171
1 kilowatt-hour 3600000 J 0.0000002777778
1 horsepower (mechanical) 745.6998715823 W 0.001341022
1 metric horsepower 735.49875 W 0.001359622

Pressure

Unit Equals (SI) Units per 1 of that SI unit
1 bar 100000 Pa 0.00001
1 atmosphere 101325 Pa 0.000009869233
1 psi 6894.757293168 Pa 0.0001450377
1 mmHg (torr) 133.3223684211 Pa 0.007500617

Temperature

Convert Formula
°C to °F °F = °C × 9/5 + 32
°F to °C °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
°C to K K = °C + 273.15
°F to K K = (°F − 32) × 5/9 + 273.15

Easy mistakes

  • US and imperial volumes differ. A US gallon is 3.785 L and an imperial gallon 4.546 L, about 20% larger.
  • Ton is not one thing. Metric tonne = 1,000 kg; short ton = 2,000 lb; long ton = 2,240 lb.
  • Calorie versus Calorie. The food Calorie is a kilocalorie (1,000 calories, 4.184 kJ).
  • BTU has variants. The value here is the International Table BTU; others differ by a fraction of a percent.
  • Mass is not weight. Pounds and kilograms measure mass; pound-force and newtons measure force.
  • Multiply or divide? Multiply by the first number column to go from the unit to SI; multiply by the last to go from SI to the unit.

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See also

  • Cheat sheet Physics & Chemistry Formulas Cheat Sheet
    Density, weight, moles, molarity, dilution, the ideal gas law, projectile range and half-life.
  • Cheat sheet Kitchen Math Cheat Sheet
    Recipe scaling, baker's percentages, flour from total dough weight, pizza area and price per square inch and oven temperature conversion.
  • Cheat sheet Vehicle Formulas Cheat Sheet
    Fuel cost, mpg and L/100 km, tire diameter and speedometer error, horsepower from torque or trap speed and EV charging cost.
  • Glossary Scientific notation
    Scientific notation writes a number as a coefficient between 1 and 10 times a power of ten.
  • Glossary Significant figures
    Significant figures are the digits in a number that carry meaning about its precision, starting from the first non-zero digit.
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