In more detail
A full URL has several parts: https://example.com:8080/docs/page?lang=en#intro. That is the scheme (https), host (example.com), port (8080), path (/docs/page), query string (lang=en) and fragment (intro). Characters that are not allowed, such as spaces, are written as percent codes, for example %20.
Example
Break a URL into its parts with the URL Parser, and encode or decode special characters with the URL Encode and URL Decode.