In more detail
1920 × 1080 simplifies to 16:9 and 4000 × 3000 to 4:3. To resize without distortion, keep the ratio: a 16:9 image 800 pixels wide must be 450 tall. Cropping changes the ratio; stretching distorts the picture.
Aspect ratio is the proportion of an image or screen's width to its height, written as two numbers such as 16:9.
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1920 × 1080 simplifies to 16:9 and 4000 × 3000 to 4:3. To resize without distortion, keep the ratio: a 16:9 image 800 pixels wide must be 450 tall. Cropping changes the ratio; stretching distorts the picture.